Facing a Check-Raise with Top Pair: GTO vs. Exploitative Approaches
DECISION POINT: In a live $1/$2 no-limit hold'em cash game, a middle position player limps and you raise from the hijack with A♥J♦. The small blind and middle-position limper both call. On the A♠8♥5♣ flop both players check and you continuation bet. The small blind then check-raises, and the middle position player folds. Action is on you...
PRO ANSWER: Let's talk about this spot from both a game theory optimal (GTO) strategy and an exploitative approach, because the conclusions from these two approaches can be very different.
Game Theory Optimal: The effective stack-to-pot ratio (SPR) is too low to get away from top pair against Villain as a default play. If we folded hands as strong as top pair, good kicker to a raise after c-betting with a flop SPR of only 2.5, Villain could easily exploit this tendency by raising our c-bets all the time.
We have to defend against this raise with an appropriate frequency that must include one-pair hands. We simply won't have big hands often enough to combat this strategy otherwise, so we would be losing a ton of money in the long run if we fold to this raise.
As a default from a GTO standpoint, we should put Villain all in. With so little behind we gain value by having Villain sometimes fold hands that might hit on the turn. If stacks were deeper (say $200 going to the flop), we should start to flat-call the check-raise in position against a tough opponent.
Exploitative: There are many Villains at small stakes such as $1/$2 live cash who never check-raise with weaker than two pair. They simply don't have 7x6x or Ax10x or 10♠9♠ in their range when they make this raise, especially with a third player behind.
Against that type of Villain, c-betting with a high frequency and then folding to a check-raise is by far the most profitable line. Our opponent will check-raise us very rarely, but when they do we can simply fold our one-pair hands.
The question is whether we have enough evidence that this opponent is tight enough with their check-raises to get away from this hand. The fact that this is a live $1/$2 game isn't quite enough info to deviate this far from the default strategy. Even though there is a population tendency at these stakes that skews check-raising ranges towards value heavy hands, that tendency isn't strong enough to get away from this hand when Villain only has ~$100 going to a ~$40 flop.
Overall, we shouldn't fold in this spot as a default, but in the real world, there are many opponents whose range is tight enough to make this a fold.
Moving all in is the best play.
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